Fun With Pyhsics

Light, sound, and color is not exists. Is It illusion??? There is only energy.

2010-03-27T11:19:00.002+07:00

Although the fact that everything we experience is a totality of perceptions formed inside our brains has been scientifically proven, some people still claim that they see the originals of these images that exist outside our brains. However, they will never be able to prove this claim. As mentioned before, light, sound or colors do not exist outside of our brains. Light only exists outside in the form of energy waves and packets of energy, and we only become aware of light when it hits the retina.

Similarly, there is no sound. There are only energy waves. Sound only forms when these energy waves reach our ears and are subsequently transmitted to our brains. There is no color outside, either. When we say "there is no color" people might think of a view of black, white or gray. In fact, these are also colors. In the world outside of our brains even the colors of black, white and gray do not exist. Only energy waves in varying strength and frequency exist, and these energy waves are only converted into colors through the cells in the eye and the brain.

Quantum physics is another branch of science which shows that the claims of those who say that they see the original of matter are unjustified. The most important truth discovered by quantum physics, which leaves materialists speechless, is that matter is 99.9999999% empty. In his studies of physics and psychology, Peter Russell often makes comments about human consciousness. In an essay adapted from his book, From Science To God, Russell explains this truth thusly:

Take, for example, our ideas as to the nature of matter. For two thousand years it was believed that atoms were tiny balls of solid matter-a model clearly drawn from everyday experience. Then, as physicists discovered that atoms were composed of more elementary, subatomic, particles (electrons, protons, neutrons, and suchlike), the model shifted to one of a central nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons-again a model based on experience.

An atom may be small, a mere billionth of an inch across, but these subatomic particles are a hundred-thousand times smaller still. Imagine the nucleus of an atom magnified to the size of a grain of rice. The whole atom would then be the size of a football stadium, and the electrons would be other grains of rice flying round the stands. As the early twentieth- century British physicist Sir Arthur Eddington put it, "matter is mostly ghostly empty space" - 99.9999999 percent empty space, to be a little more precise.

With the advent of quantum theory, it was found that even these minute subatomic particles were themselves far from solid. In fact, they are not much like matter at all at least nothing like matter as we know it. They can't be pinned down and measured precisely. They are more like fuzzy clouds of potential existence, with no definite location. Much of the time they seem more like waves than particles. (Peter Russell, The Mystery of Consciousness and the Meaning of Light, 12 Oct 2000)

We can thus see that science shows us that beyond the confines of our brain, there are only energy waves and energy packets. Beyond our brain there is no light, no sound and no color. Additionally, atoms and subatomic particles that form a material are actually loose groups of energy. As a result, material is comprised of space. In reality, God creates matter through a vision with these qualities.

Source:
H. Yahya , “MATTER THE OTHER NAME FOR ILLUSION”, Istanbul : KULTUR PUBLISHER, 2002.

Physical Engineers With An Expert Knowledge of Optics

2010-03-13T20:04:00.004+07:00

How does a tiny ant find its way in the desert wastes? How do butterflies regulate their body temperatures? How does a fish see above the surface of the water? In addition, how does it go even further and calculate the angle of refraction in such a way as to catch an insect above the water's surface?

One common feature of all these creatures is that their behavior requires expertise in the field of optics. As we'll be seeing in some detail, some butterfly species warm their bodies by using the same rules of optics employed by physicists. Another example is the four-eyed fish anableps, whose optic design gives it an advantage both in an atmospheric and an aquatic environment.

When we examine these systems and intelligent behaviors, all the products of a special design, it emerges that by itself, a butterfly or an ant can't possibly establish such systems in its body much less know how to use them. All living things emerged in a moment, together with all the features they possess and the knowledge of how to employ them. God has created them all in the most beautiful form.

BUTTERFLIES THAT KNOW THE LAWS OF OPTICS

Physicists use three basic principles in optics:

A surface warms up more as the light rays striking it approach 90 degrees.

If two surfaces receive light at the same angle, the darker one will warm up more.

When light strikes a reflective surface, it's reflected at the same angle as it arrived.

Although students of physics know these laws, many people today are unaware of their effects on daily life and the purposes they serve. What is surprising, however, is that there are other creatures that put these principles to good use.

In their daily lives, butterflies make use of these laws, of which many humans are ignorant. For example, the Colias butterfly is unable to fly when its body temperature drops below 28 oC (83 oF). In that event, it immediately spreads out its wings and, turning its back to the Sun, adjusts them perpendicular to its rays. When its internal temperature rises to a sufficient 40 oC (104 oF), its turns around 90 degrees, which minimizes the warming effect of the Sun's rays, and the butterfly's body temperature starts to fall.

On its wings, this species of butterfly has black spots that also serve to collect heat in the butterfly's body. Significantly, these spots are located near those regions of the body which most need to be warmed, so that the heat is transferred over a shorter distance.

On the other hand, the Pieris species of butterfly arranges its wings at such an angle that, just like with a reflector, it can concentrate all the heat rays onto those regions most in need of warmth.

These butterflies have certainly received no training in physics or optics. They are unaware of the laws of physics and of the angle at which solar rays can be most productive.

Source:

H. Yahya , “ENGINEERING IN NATURE”, Istanbul : GLOBAL PUBLISHING, 1999.

Fission

2010-03-10T14:21:00.003+07:00

Fission is a nuclear reaction in which the atomic nucleus, which is held together by the strongest force in the universe, the "Strong Nuclear Force", splits into fragments. The main material used in fission experiments is "uranium" because the uranium atom is one of the heaviest. In other words, there are plenty of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

In fission experiments, scientists shot a neutron at the uranium nucleus at great velocity. They faced a very interesting situation. After the neutron was absorbed by the uranium's nucleus, the uranium nucleus had become very unstable. The nucleus' being "unstable" means the formation of a difference between the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, resulting in an imbalance in its structure. Therefore, the nucleus starts splitting into fragments while emitting a certain amount of energy to eliminate this imbalance. The nucleus, under the impact of the energy released, starts ejecting the components it contains at great velocity.

Considering the results these experiments yielded, neutrons were accelerated and uranium was bombarded with neutrons in special environments called "reactors". However, uranium is bombarded with neutrons according to a very fine measure, not randomly, because any neutron bombarding the uranium atom has to hit the uranium immediately and at the desired point. That is why these experiments are conducted taking every probability into consideration. The amount of the uranium to be used, the amount of the neutrons used to bombard the uranium, and the duration and speed at which the neutrons will bombard the uranium should all be very precisely calculated.

After all these calculations are made and the appropriate setting is prepared, the nucleus is bombarded with neutrons in such a way that they penetrate the nuclei of the atoms in the uranium. It is sufficient that the nucleus of at least one of the atoms in this mass is split in two. In this division, an average of two or three neutrons are sent out from the mass of the nucleus at great velocity and high energy. Neutrons that are released start a chain reaction by colliding with other uranium nuclei within the mass. Each newly split nucleus behaves like the initial uranium nucleus. Thus, a chain of nuclear reactions starts. A large number of uranium nuclei are split into fragments as a result of these chain reactions, causing an enormous amount of energy to be released.

It was these nuclei divisions that have caused the Hiroshima and Nagasaki disasters, causing the death of tens of thousands of people. At the moment of the detonation of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima by the United States in 1945 during World War II, and in its aftermath, approximately 100,000 people died. Another atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki by America three days after the Hiroshima disaster caused the death of another 40,000 people right at the moment of detonation. While the power released by the nuclei caused the death of many people, it also destroyed a very large residential area, and gave rise to many irreparable genetic and physiological disorders in the remaining residents of that area, due to the radiation released, which was to affect generations to come.

If our earth, the whole atmosphere, everything animate and inanimate including us, are composed of atoms, what prevents atoms from being involved in nuclear reactions like the ones in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, that could occur anytime and anywhere?

The neutrons are created in such a way that, when they are free in nature – without being linked to a nucleus – they are subjected to a decomposition called "beta decay". Because of this disintegration, no neutrons wander freely in nature. Therefore, neutrons that are to be used in nuclear reactions must be obtained through artificial methods.

Fundamental Forces In the Universe

2010-03-10T06:46:00.003+07:00

We mentioned that the laws of physics in the universe originated after the Big Bang. These laws are based on the "four fundamental forces" known to modern physics today. These forces were formed along with the formation of the first sub-atomic particles at specifically appointed times in the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang to form the entire order and system of the universe. Atoms, which make up the material universe, owe their existence and extremely even distribution across the universe to the interaction of these forces. These forces are the force of mass attraction known as the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. All have a distinct intensity and field of impact. The strong and weak nuclear forces operate only at the sub-atomic scale. The remaining two –the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force– govern assemblages of atoms, in other words "matter." The flawless order on the earth is the outcome of the highly delicate proportion of these forces. A comparison of those forces produces a very interesting result. All the matter that was created and dispersed across the universe following the Big Bang was shaped by the effect of these forces, which have wide gulfs between them. Below are the stunningly different values of these forces shown in international standard units:
These fundamental forces allow the formation of the material universe through a perfect distribution of power. This proportion between the forces is based on such a delicate balance that they can cause the due effect on particles only at these particular proportions.

1. The Giant Power in the Nucleus: The Strong Nuclear Force
Up to this point, we reviewed how the atom was created moment by moment and the delicate balances acting in this creation. We saw that everything around us, including ourselves, is made up of atoms and these atoms consist of many particles. What then is the force that holds all the particles that form the nucleus of the atom together? This force, which keeps the nucleus intact, and which is the most powerful force defined by the laws of physics, is the "strong nuclear force".
This force ensures that the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom stay together without flying apart. The nucleus of the atom is formed in this way. This force is so strong that it almost causes the protons and neutrons within the nucleus to bind to each other. This is why the minute particles that possess this force are called "gluon" meaning "glue" in Latin. The strength of this bond is adjusted very sensitively. The intensity of this force has been specifically arranged to provide that the protons and neutrons keep at a certain distance to each other. If this force had been just slightly stronger, the protons and the neutrons would bump into each other. If this force had been slightly weaker, they would be dispersed. This force has just the proper degree required for the formation of the nucleus of the atom after the first seconds of the Big Bang.
The Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings were indicative of how destructive the strong nuclear force becomes once it is liberated. The only reason atomic bombs, which will be reviewed in more detail in the chapters ahead, are so effective is the liberation of tiny amounts of this force hidden in the nucleus of the atom.

2. Safety Belt of the Atom: The Weak Nuclear Force
One of the most important factors maintaining order on the earth is the balance within the atom. This balance ensures that things do not suddenly fall apart or emit harmful radiation. The "weak nuclear force" is responsible for this balance between protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. This force plays an important role in maintaining the equilibrium of the nuclei that contain high numbers of neutrons and protons.
As this balance is maintained, a neutron, if required, may be changed into a proton. Since the number of protons in the nucleus changes at the end of this process, the atom changes too and becomes a different atom. Here, the result is very significant. An atom transforms into a different atom without disintegrating and continues its existence. This safety belt protects living organisms against the dangers that would otherwise arise from particles breaking free uncontrollably and giving harm to people.

3. The Force That Keeps Electrons in Orbit: The Electro-magnetic Force
The discovery of this force ushered in a new age in the world of physics. It was then understood that each particle bears "an electrical charge" according to its own structural characteristics and that a force exists between these electrical charges. This force provides that particles with opposite electrical charges attract each other and particles with the same charge repel each other, therefore ensuring that the protons in the nucleus of the atom and the electrons travelling in the orbits around it attract each other. In this way, the "nucleus" and the "electrons", the two basic elements of the atom, stay together.
The slightest change in the strength of this force would cause electrons to shoot away from the nucleus or to fall into the nucleus. In both cases, it would become impossible for the atom and therefore, the material universe to exist. Yet, from the first moment this force formed, the protons in the nucleus attracted the electrons at the exact force required for the formation of the atom thanks to the value of this force.

4. The Force Holding the Universe Together: The Gravitational Force
Being the only force we can ordinarily perceive, it is also the one about which we know least. Commonly known as gravity, this force is actually called the "mass attraction force". Although it is the least powerful force compared to the other forces, by it very large masses attract each other. This force is the reason why the galaxies and stars in the universe stay in each other's orbits. The earth and other planets remain in a certain orbit around the sun again with the help of this gravitational force. We are able to walk on the earth because of this force. If there were a decline in the value of this force, the stars would fall, the earth would be ripped from its orbit and we would be dispersed from the earth into the space. In the case of the slightest increase, the stars would collide with each other, the earth would run into the sun and we would be pulled into the earth's crust. These may seem very remote possibilities to you now but they would be inevitable if this force had deviated from its present value even for a very short time.
All scientists doing research on this subject admit that the precisely determined values of these fundamental forces are crucial for the existence of the universe.
Addressing this point, the famous molecular biologist Michael Denton states in his book Nature's Destiny: How the Laws of Biology Reveal Purpose in the Universe:
If, for example, the gravitational force was a trillion times stronger, then the universe would be far smaller and its life history far shorter. An average star would have a mass a trillion times less than the sun and a life span of about one year. On the other hand, if gravity had been less powerful, no stars or galaxies would have ever formed. The other relationships and values are no less critical. If the strong force had been just slightly weaker, the only element that would be stable would be hydrogen. No other atoms could exist. If it had been slightly stronger in relation to electromagnetism, then an atomic nucleus consisting of only two protons would be a stable feature of the universe-which would mean there would be no hydrogen, and if any stars or galaxies evolved, they would be very different from the way they are. Clearly, if these various forces and constants did not have precisely the values they do, there would be no stars, no supernovae, no planets, no atoms, no life.

Your misunderstanding about science and technology

2010-03-09T09:59:00.002+07:00

Understanding of various issues - especially relating to science and technology - are not always complete and correct. Lack of resources or lack of information will unfamiliarity basic science can lead to misunderstanding. And eventually led to the wrong conclusions and already believed and disseminated.

The title above does not refer to all things, but I'm sure one of them is yours. In order for errors of understanding did not last long, it is good listening description below.

North magnetic poles of the earth's north magnetic pole of the earth and the earth south of the earth's south. In fact, by using the term physics, North Pole (geographically located in the north) is actually the south magnetic pole, and the South Pole (geographically located in the south) is the magnetic north pole. Confusing you? In 2001, magnetic north pole is determined by the Geological Survey of Canada near Ellesmere Island in northern Canada in the position of 81.3 ° North Latitude (N) 110.8 ° West Longitude (BB). Point was estimated to be 82.7 ° N 114.4 ° BB in the year 2005. North Magnetic Pole is the point of moving on the earth's surface where the dots Magnetic field perpendicular to the earth below (i.e. with a slope of 90 °). So the north magnetic pole is physically south pole magnetic field. North Magnetic Pole should not be confused with the north pole geomagnetic we already know before.
Blue color in water due to the reflection of blue sky. Blue color of the lake and ocean waters not only because of the reflection of the blue color of the sky. Water also looks blue because the blue water. Water molecules absorb some light, and absorb red frequencies more than blue. This effect is small, so the blue color will only become apparent when we observe the water in large quantities and in the. This influence will be seen on the water in the swimming pool that was painted white. In the salt water or water containing minerals in large numbers, colors of minerals can be seen mixed. The reflection color of the sky was a role, but it was only one factor.

Do you become a great inventor in physics next? (2)

2010-03-07T16:48:00.003+07:00

After discussing the three laws on the previous post so this time we will thoroughly explore the laws others as follows:

4. Second Law of Thermodynamics (1824 to 1850)

This law is growing rapidly in the days of the Industrial Revolution in England. Starting from the discovery of the steam engine by James Watt, the laws of thermodynamics leads to the energy conversion is utilized for the development of industry at that time.
Basically, the second law of thermodynamics study heat flow from a higher to a lower temperature is what drives a steam engine, likening the process to change the flow of water mill wheel. This work leads to three principles: heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold body; heat can’t be completely converted into other forms of energy, and the system becomes more organized over time.

5. Electromagnetism (1807 to 1873)

In 1820, physicist Hans Christian Oersted (Denmark) was speaking to students about the possibility that electricity and magnetism are related. During the lecture, an experiment showed the truth of his theory in front of the entire class.
This pioneering experiment revealed the relationship between electricity and magnetism and lead to a set of equations that express the basic laws governing electricity and magnetism.

6. Special Relativity (1905)

This theory invites debate among scientists. Albert Einstein overthrew the basic assumptions about time and space to explain how the clock tick slower and distances appear to stretch as objects approach the speed of light.

7. E = mc ^ 2 (1905)

The equation above states that energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared. Albert Einstein proved that mass and energy are different manifestations of the same thing, and that a very small amount of mass can be converted into a very large amount of energy. One of the profound implications of this discovery is that no object with mass can go faster than the speed of light.

8. The Quantum Leap (1900 - 1935)

To illustrate the behavior of subatomic particles, a set of natural laws developed by Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger. A quantum leap is defined as the change of an electron in an atom from one energy state to another. These changes happen at once, not gradually.

9. The Nature of Light (1704 to 1905)

Thought and experimentation by Isaac Newton, Thomas Young and Albert Einstein lead to an understanding of what light, how to behave, and how it is transmitted.
Using Newton's prism to break white light into its constituent colors and another prism to mix the colors in white light, proving that white light mixed together make the light. Young determined that the light is a wave and determining the color wavelengths. Finally, Einstein recognized that light always moves at a constant speed, no matter the speed estimator.

10. Neutron (1935)

James Chadwick discovered neutrons which together with protons and electrons of atoms. These finding dramatically alter the atomic model and accelerates discoveries in atomic physics.

11. Superconductors (1911 - 1986)

The unexpected discovered that some materials have no resistance to the flow of electricity. Superconductivity occurs in a variety of materials, including simple elements like tin and aluminum, various metallic alloys and certain ceramic compounds.

12. Quark (1962)

Murray Gell-Mann proposes the existence of fundamental particles that combine to form composite objects such as protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons each contain three quarks.

13. Nuclear Forces (1666 to 1957)

The discovery of the basic forces at work at the subatomic level led to the realization that all interactions in the universe is the result of the four fundamental forces of nature-the strong and weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force and gravity.

That some of the basic laws that had been discovered by scientists. The possibility is still a lot of natural laws that have not been found. Do you become a great inventor who can influence the world subsequently?

Do you become a great inventor in physics next?

2010-03-07T10:18:00.002+07:00

Currently developing world because science, especially in the physics. Even the author of 100 most influential figures in world, Michael H. Hart, Newton was placed second in the order after the Prophet Muhammad. This shows that physics has a lot to do in changing the face of the world. Old world full of myth due to ignorance of the ancients, now toward the era of digitalization has made everything easy quick versatile and sophisticated.

Historically, the world of physics has given birth to big names inventors of this hitherto findings (concepts / ideas or device) are still in use. This time we will explore the historical-inventors in the physics ranging from the discovery by Galileo that the exposure of the four fundamental forces of nature. The discovery was referring to the laws of nature, namely:

1. Law of Falling Bodies (1604)

Before the emergence of Galileo Galilei, the people believed Aristotle's belief that heavier objects fall faster than lighter. This belief lasted for nearly 2000 years before Galileo overturn the theory. Galileo proved that all objects fall at the same speed.
In fact, we see that heavier objects fall faster than lighter it is caused by air friction. The fall velocity is actually the same.

2. Universal Gravitation (1666)

This is one law that shook the world, It’s universal binding on all the objects in the world until the objects in the universe. Isaac Newton argued that all objects in the universe, from apples to planets, exert gravitational attraction to each other.

3. Laws of Motion (1687)

This is the fundamental law of the underlying physics concepts developed at this time. Isaac Newton changed our understanding of the universe by formulating three laws to explain motion. 1) An object in motion continues to move, unless the external force applied to it. 2) The relationship between the mass of an object (m), acceleration (a) and applied force (F) is F = ma. 3) For every action there is equal and opposite reaction.

LCD Secret?

2010-03-06T07:18:00.003+07:00

What is Liquid Crystal Display? I think the term is often mentioned in the electronic world. Of course! The simplest form of this LCD technology is the calculator that we use everyday, or timer (timer) in the microwave when baking cookies, and a digital clock display. The most sophisticated form we can still enjoy all around us there are on-screen computer monitors and laptops. How does LCD work? Let us open secret it!

Like its name, Liquid Crystal, means something that is liquid crystal. Weird ... Is not it supposed to be a solid crystal. Where possible it is a liquid crystal? Why use a strange name?

Solid and liquid are two different objects properties. The molecules of solids dispersed in a regular and position does not change, whereas the molecules of liquid location and position does not irregular because it can move randomly in all directions. In the year 1888, a botanist, Friedrich Reinitzer, find a phase in the middle between the solid and liquid phases. This phase has the properties of solid and liquid together. The molecules have the same direction as the nature of the solid, but the molecules can move freely as in liquids. This liquid crystal phase was closer to the liquid phase due to the small temperature increase (heating) phase immediately turned into a liquid. This trait shows a high sensitivity to temperature. Nature of which is the main basis of the utilization of liquid crystal technology.

Earthquake

2010-02-28T08:59:00.006+07:00

Thousands of Hawaii residents had fled to save themselves for fear gripped after a tsunami warning was issued following a powerful earthquake magnitude 8.8 Richter scale. Approximately 15 hours after the earthquake shook Chile, high waves could hit Hawaii.

It is not according to the previously feared, the highest waves reach Kawaihe only half meters. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center had warned the threat of higher waves can occur in the next few hours. However, finally withdrawn the tsunami warning.

An earthquake is a phenomenon of physics that these days often occur in the many country in the world, especially around Asia Pacific. By definition, an earthquake is an event of seismic wave energy released in a sudden deformation caused by the existence of plate tectonics that occurred in the crust. More details can be seen in the picture below:

Figure: Fault crustal plates during an earthquake.
Source: Meteorology and Geophysics Agency Indonesia

PROCESS EVENTS
Our earth, although solid, always moving, and an earthquake occurs when the pressure is happening because the movement was already too big to be on stand by these tectonic plates. The process of energy release of elastic waves called seismic or earthquake waves that reach the earth's surface and cause vibration and damage to the object or objects on the surface of the earth building. The amount of damage depends in large and duration of vibration to the surface of the earth. It also depends on the power structure.

The earthquake seismologists classify into two categories, intra-plate earthquake and between plates (interplate). Intraplate earthquake is the earthquake that occurred in the plate itself, whereas the interplate earthquake occurred in the boundary between two plates.

Actual earthquakes occur every day, but most are not felt by humans, only the seismograph equipment that can be recorded and not all of them cause damage. In Indonesia, the earthquake damage occurred 5 to 7 times a year.

Source:
http://www.e-dukasi.net/pengpop/pp_full.php?ppid=216
http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2010/02/28/07410949/214.Orang.Tewas.dan.Ancaman.Tsunami.Meluas.akibat.Gempa.Chile

Unique facts of physics

2010-02-23T15:06:00.005+07:00

I used to hate with physics lessons. Maybe that makes me hate, it is often the teacher in explaining these subjects more focused on theory and formulas that complicated. And if physics is taught in different ways, in fact the subject was not scary as we thought. In fact there are many unique and interesting things from the physics concepts that can be delivered.

This time I tried to explain some unique facts about the concepts of physics, and I'll prove that in fact physics is actually very fun and interesting to learn.

Did you know that the density of ice is lighter 89% of the mass of cold water? As a result 11% of the iceberg above the water surface and the rest sank below the water surface. The reality is made floating icebergs in the sea is very dangerous, especially for the ships that were sailing. This has been proven in historic accident happened on the passenger ship Titanic in 1912. Ship that "can’t drown" was sunk in the North Atlantic after hitting an iceberg.
Do you believe that spider webs are stronger than steel? That's what happened, even the U.S. military had planned to make bulletproof jackets made from the shuttle cobwebs. So the scene in the movie Spider-Man 2 which describes the Spider-Man trying to stop the train by tying its earnings spider is not really impossible.
Who would have thought people could produce technology capable of gliding flight at speeds exceeding the speed of sound. Super-fast plane had so many dazzling the world with speed. Now even faster planes again being developed to carry out various missions into space. Hypersonic aircraft! How can this plane be moving? Concept can be found in physics (eg the lifting force on the aircraft, etc.)
Microwave is a powerful oven that can cook food in an express? As the name implies, a microwave oven is an oven that uses the help of microwave (microwaves) to cook food. What does the term of this microwave? Actually, this wave is a radio wave, but a smaller wavelength than radio waves. Wavelengths, including ultra-short (very short) that is also called micro. From this was born the term microwave. These waves can’t be seen our eye because its wavelength (although very small compared to radio waves) is much larger than the wavelength of light (outside the visible light spectrum). Both are in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Light wavelengths ranging from 400-700 nm (1 nm = 10-9 m), while a long range microwave about 1-30 cm (1 cm = 10-9 m).

Paradigm of Physics, scary or funny?

2010-02-19T16:26:00.007+07:00

Some of us may think that physics is very scary. A subject that is very difficult in school and was attached to the formulas complex. But you know, physics is not difficult as what is imagined by our minds. One of the keys to mastering physics is to understand the concepts, understanding of the meaning contained in a physical phenomena that occur in nature. Apart from the paradigm that physics is difficult, in fact physics has a very funny side. You may not realize this because maybe you're too focused to the mathematical equations that become the laws of physics, such as Newton's laws, Coulomb, Kirchhoff, Archimedes, Pascal, Snell, and many other laws that can’t be mentioned one by one here.

I'll show some pictures that I got from the source (I put the source below this article). Images of physics that might make you laugh, and unconsciously you're actually learning physics concepts. This will make you understand and remember the physics concepts are shown in the picture. Therefore enjoy physics and you will smile and laugh .. Hahahaha ....

http://blogs.sun.com/terrygardner/entry/i_don_t_care_who
http://crystaltips.typepad.com/wonderland/2005/07/mario_physics.html
http://www.physics4spm.com/2009/06/funny-daring-physics-student.html

Your mobile phone. Do you know.....???

2010-02-15T16:06:00.002+07:00

HandPhone (HP) or mobile phones have become a necessity of our society. The level of penetration HP defeat remains telephone (It hanging around the houses that still use the cable) the only range in the 4%. When combined with a fixed wireless (CDMA user types) only deals with the numbers less than 15%. Compare with mobile phone users (GSM users) that almost reached the figure of 30% of the total population of Indonesia! Of course it is a very fantastic numbers, considering the development of fixed telephone has been going on for decades, while the handphone only took 10 years to touch the number 25%. Here are the unique and interesting facts of the devices that are phenomenal:

The first camera handphone in the world is Sharp J-SH04 issued in Japan in November of 2000. This phone has a camera resolution of 110,000 pixels.
The first mobile phone virus in the world created by Job de Haas, a computer security researcher in the Netherlands, in 2001. This virus can damage your cell phone via SMS text message.
The first commercial mobile phone was launched to the market is the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x in 1983.
SMS (Short Messages Services) was first transmitted through the Vodafone GSM network in the UK in December 1992. The sound of writing that is sent is "Merry Christmas".

Observe Everything with GPS

2010-02-13T11:35:00.002+07:00

In the film enemy of the state, figure lawyer of Robert Clayton Dean (acted by Will Smith's) suddenly his life is clutter. Wherever he goes, he always can be traced constructively by satellite of GPS (Global Positioning System). Tool tracer installed at all electronic devices that his carried, even at clothes and the shoes. As result, Robert Dean hasn’t hidden place, wherever he goes, It’s certain direct traceable. He hasn’t privacy again because even at the house is also pairs many cameras always observe the gesture. Once he wears telephone, although that is public call, technology of GPS can direct find him constructively by satellite.

Digital Jewelry

2010-02-10T11:57:00.002+07:00

World that filled digital jewelry likes the world famous James Bond that many interesting our attention. Who suspects, momentarily we even also can enjoy digital jewelry existence can’t lose the sophisticated at around us, even then adhere at our body likes decoration and accessories. We begin to enter the world James Bond with hand watch that can be made communication means, glasses all at once functioned as camera and infra-red censor, ring and necklace that equipped microphone, with earring that equipped loudspeaker (speaker). Likely is like secret agent that is running special mission but the difference all this digital devices not secret again. Decoration and accessory that equipped sophisticated electronic begin enter into general society along with more progress it technology. It is not long again that we feel sophisticated technology which during the time only we enjoy in film like mission impossible.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

Complex and Simple (2)

2010-02-10T06:57:00.003+07:00

The ‘nano’ term come from word nanos (greek) that means 10-9 (one per billion). 1 nanometer (nm) equivalent with 10-9 meter. Nanotechnology is the technology that involved atoms and molecules with size smaller than 1000 nanometer. It means its size more small 100000 times than a human hair. Very little, very mini! The characteristic from all things depend on the arrangement of its atoms. The atoms in coal is the same with the diamond one. The only different is the structure. The atoms in the sand is the same with one in computer chips. Even the atoms that compiler water, air, and dust actually is the same with one in a potato! A little change happen to its structure can change the main characteristic of a things. This is the main concept of nanotechnology. With nanotechnology, coal and graphite are able to be reconstructed by us to become a beautiful diamond! All can be done in nanotechnology by rearrange the fundamentals particles that very small and simple. The result is the complex systems that affect our life.

What is the most complex system in the world? Maybe one thing until now that still can not be known by human: human brain. The human brain is the most sopisthicated computer that impossible to compare it with other human made’s computer. Maybe all along we rare to notice how comples our brain that drive us and our actions.

When we glared by light, we close our eyes automatically. The concept is very simple! That glare light can hurt our eyes so that we have to protect our eyes with close it. When hot in the middle of the day, we use hat to protect our head from the sun. When it’s rain, we use umbrella. When we smell awful aroma, we close our nose, with hands or handkerchief. When we exhaust, we seek for a drink. When we feel sleepy we seek the bed. When we shock we scream out spontaneously. When we sad, we cry. When we heard a joke, we laugh. All this simple event and always happen without we notice it. We seem like had programmed to do all of this. Is true that all that simple as it is?

When we feel sad, our brain do some very complex jobs. On our eyes there is tear duct, the biggest one is called lacrimal, its job is to produce tear. The tear out causing by sadness is differ with the one coming from look at the onion. When we sad, protein and hormone being produced excessively 20-25 %. It’s causing protein’s excess. This must be throw out in order to get the system stabilize. It’s the same way like throw away the shit or poisons. How is that? Yes, with cry!

The nerves on the brain send electrical signals to the tear duct. There is a little cavity on inside our eyes that being the strip of tear out. The tear run out till then the value of protein and hormone comeback to stabilize. When it’s reached, we stop to cry. The sadness is reduce because prolactin (stess hormone) are running out when we cry. So, that all complex physical-chemical process causing we cry when sad. Usually female, mainly the teenager, are often cry than male. This symptom maybe we consider as cultural habit. Actually this symptomis resulted from physical-chemical event. When child age, the cry capability between male and female are the same. But when teenager around (12-18 years old) female’s body produce more prolactin than the male once. It’s caused by maturity of breast duct, that its production linked with this prolactin hormone. So that’s causing female crying 4 times often than male. And this is not because they are sentimental! Females are often get the negative reputation because easily to emotional, so that are often to cry. But this thing instead, make female more healty than male. The chemical poisons on the body can throw out regularly with tears. The male are rare to cry are have more chemical poisons on his body.

All complex systems that occur on human’s body actually yield many things that we consider as usual in daily life. This concept is Complexity Theory, opposite from Chaos Theory. If chaos concept reveal that all small and simple things able to yield something complex, on Complexity Theory all complex systems can emerge something simple.

The complexity theory is often found in our vicinity, not only our body’s system, like Chaos Theory. The birds that flying around are often considered by us so simple. Actually that birds can fly with use many complex physical laws. So complex till human by now still can not imitate flying ability of the birds and other air animals. The human only able to imitate a part from birds fly concept to fly. The human apply that on the plane and other air transportation’s tools. The bird’s wings is being the main focus many physicist that work to develop and complete the technology that can handle earth gravity.

The wing’s plane imitate the bird’s wings in order to opposite earth gravity. There is airstream above and below the wing’s plane. The air particles below collides with the wings. Then, this particles bounce off downfall (to the ground). This is action force. In above of wings, there is another process that also yield the action force. The laws of Bernoulli and Coanda ‘work together’ to form up this action. When the air stream up on above part of wings, the pressure is P1. After through over tip point, air pressure on above wings suddenly decrease to P2. Because the change of this pressure, then velocity changed is occur created velocity gradient urge the plane to move forward. This is the law of Bernoulli.

There is another thing occur on plane’s wings surface. According to Coanda, the fluid particles that in contact with solid surface has lean to keep patch on that surface (this is known by Coanda Effect). This is proved if we hold a glass that full of water till it spilled, we can see water stream move down on glass surface. That water particles are not drowning directly. Instead, they keep adhere and move down on glass surface. The same thing occur on plane’s wings surface, the air particles stream out along above part of wings’s plane till reach below. On the tip point, that particles bunching together and keep coming till down wash. This down wash is one of the action force components. The ground that receive this action force, will give directly reaction force (Newton’s Third Law) that had the same value with action force but had opposite direction. Because the action is to the ground (downward), then the reaction is upward. This reaction force is the lift force that lift up the plane upward against earth gravity. So many the laws involved when flying the plane! The same laws occur when the birds flying around. All so complex actually can yield something that very simple, the simplest as the birds. Simple for the birds, but so complex to human to imitate it.
So, that’s Chaos Theory and Complexity Theory walk hand to hand. The simple system can make the complex system, and the complex system can make the simple system.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

Complex and Simple (1)

2010-02-09T06:51:00.004+07:00

When a thing called simple? And when another called complex? What is the main criteria that separate them?

What is the fundamentals element on this earth? Our ancestor had formulate something that we still believe in. According to our ancestor there is only 4 fundamental elements. They are Air, Fire, Water and Earth. This is The Four Basic Elements of The World. Our ancestor believe that everything in this world are consist from that four basic elements. This concept so universal and receive all around the world. Nothing more fundamental from that four elements. Even today, we still consider that four elements are the most important elements on earth.

But along with time and the development of sciences, human can reveal that 4 elements are not the basic elements. There is another particle that unable to see with bare eyes. This small particles compiler all things on earth soon called atom. Since the discovering of it, human believe that atom is the fundamental element. It means nothing more smaller and more simpler than the atom. Until 1900’s people still believe that atom is one small ball that is not consisted from another small elements.

Sciences continue to growthand finally found out a shocking fact. Because atom is not the smallest particle! Actually all atoms consist from nucleus that surrounded by electrons cloud. In recent, sciences has discover the secret of atom’s nucleus that consist of another smaller particle. This compiler particle of nucleus are proton and neutron. This shocking discovering had change common belief once again that atom is fundamental particle. Since that, proton and neutron are regarded as the smallest particle and the most basic from all material. Nothing more small than proton and neutron. Can it be true?

How many times people regarded some particle as the most basic and the simplest one? How many times people proved that is a thing more smaller? Everytime we start and receive new concept, we shocked by another new invention that our belief is wrong before, instead. Actually everytime there is another part that more small and simple. And that’s right! Proton and neutron are not the fundamentals without structure. The sopisthicated technology has reveal the insider of proton and neutron. This compiler of proton and neutron are called quarks.

According to Standard Model theory, the universe is consist from quark and lepton. There is six kind of quark, that is quark up (u), down (d), strange (s), charm (c), beauty (b) and top (t). Also there is six kind of lepton, that is electron (e), muon (μ), tau (τ), neutrino-electron (νe), neutrino-muon (νμ) and neutrino-tau (ντ). Each lepton and quark had antiparticle that had the same mass with its particle, but had opposite charge.

This twelve particle had different mass. Commonly, this particles are grouping into three big group (three generation). First generationconsist of quark u, quark d, neutrino-electron, and electron. The second generation particle had the bigger mass from the first. This generation include quark c, quark s, neutrino-muon, and muon. The third generation is group that hadthe biggest mass. This include quark t, quark b, neutrino-tau and tau. The particles in the first generation is the stable particles. This particles that consist all visible things. The particles in second and third generation are unstable particle. This particles will be dissolved in short time and become the first generation particle.

According to Standard Model theory, the quarks had another charge beside electrical charge. This another charge are the charge called color. The quarks always be found couples on particle groups called meson (consist of quark and antiquark) and baryon (consist from three quarks). It’s different with lepton that could stand alone or not in couple. This color charge on quarks is causing this characteristic.

Is the discovery of quarks marks that we had reach final destination? Is this the fundamentals particle we looking for so long? Is it true that quarks is the most smallest particle without structur? Or there is another smaller particle that compiler quark? If yes, this time we still can not prove its existence. So, for a while we receive and belief the concept of quark as the simplest particle, until there is succesful discovery to invent another fundamentals particle than quark.

When people had discover The Four Basic Elements is not the very basic, many alteration occur on human’s life. So be it when the sciences success to reveal compiler elements of atom. Many sopisthicated technology created by this invention. The tecnology progressing more advance and more complex when the quark had found out. The smallest possible particle to discover, the more great technology will be reached.

It means smallest size of the particle, the big its effect to human’s life. The smallest particle will produce the more complex technology. Every big things always form up from the smallest one. Actually, this something little and simple can emerge big effect. Something simple could create something complex. This is the basic of chaos theory. All material in the world can form up simplicity. How the little can emerge something bigger and complex?

Leptons and quarks are interact and assemble so that formed proton and neutron. This proton aand neutron then consisting again with some rule so that created different atoms. This atoms then, interact again each other to create many band (ionic and covalen) chemistry that yielded molecules. This molecules are gather around as new collaborated systems that we always see. This things are arrange the planets, and finally turn to form solar system. Each solar system interact with other to form up the galaxy. This all galaxys form up the universe. Imagine that! All complex systems starts with the smallest particle we know so far.

A big book consist of many chapter that consist of many paragraph, many sentences and many words. The sentences consist of many words and that words consist from many characters. This characters also consist from the dots that all linked each other. This dots take the responsibillities in produce all code on the book. This dots are the fundamentals part or the most basic part on a book.

All systems that looked complex, actually involve a regularity in irregularity. All things in this world obey some laws. This laws are responsible to form a big and complex systems. This laws involving the simpler laws. This is the maincore of physics. Physics is always to explain all complex things using the simplest laws (Simple Laws with Complex Behavior). With this basic rules, physics had successful so far in explain chemical reaction, electrical current, magnetic force, biological cell of organism, principle work of the human body and other organism, whether change, fluids stream profile, fluids nature that turbulence, predict how galaxy and universe began, investigate our complex solar system, and even explain the interaction between fundamentals particles in quantum mechanics. All from the theories that opening all this simple rules majoring explain by the great physicsist such Newton, Bohr, and Einstein.

When we start to using physics in order to understand this world, we actually only combine that simple rules that all linked together to form complex system. It’s same if we play with blocs. With that Lego blocs we can create many big and complex systems. The smallest possible the blocs the more variations we can create. This concept used in technology that recently talked by people around the world: nanotechnology.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

The Physics Show on Air

2010-02-08T07:16:00.005+07:00

A bunch of pelicans, seagulls, and goose are flying around on air. An air show that so awesome! There is some spiteness when human look at this air show. Obviously, all of human intelligent still can not compete this bird’s capability that can fly without using any instrument technology such as big engine that release disturb noise. What its secret? How the bird can fly, to opposite all limit causing by their weight and earth gravitation? They even always fly as a cohesive groups. Are the human loose?
This air show that has very old age involving 4 fundamentals forcein physics. Some of them are:

Drag Force. This force is yielded from the collides of air molecules with bird’s body. The direction of this force are always opposite with the direction of bird’s way. Meanwhile the value of this force depending on surface area of the bird and its velocity. The bigger surface area, the bigger too its drag force. An illustration of this can be found when we walk out opposite the big wind. This force will be bigger if we open up our arms widely or we walk faster.
Lift Force, it’s force that lifting up the bird. There is two things can emerge this lift force: wing’s flutter and airstream pass out the wings. When the bird flutter down the wings, its wings are press down the air, so that the air will be press in the opposite and lift up the bird (Newton’s third law). The faster wings fluttering, the bigger will be its lift force. So it’s causing pigeon that will fly must flutter its wings faster. The big size bird like Kori Bustard from Africa of course must have strong thorax tendon in order to fluttering wings faster tolift up its fat body (19 kg).
Thrust, it’s force that push forward the bird. This force is yielded by wings fluttering like fall down ‘8’. The wings fluttering yielded some vortex that are able to give urge force to the bird in the air. The power of this force depend on the strong of fly muscle.
Weight, it’s earth gravity force. It’s value depend on the bird’s mass. The direction of this force is down to the ground.
The combination of the forces that had mentioned before is used by the birds to doing atraction such as parachuting, gliding, flight, and soaring.

Parachuting
Parachuting is the downfall manuver on air. The elevation of this manuver can bigger than 45o to horizontal. To be able doing this manuver, the hawk must increase its drag force with extent its surface area (for example, extent its wings).

Gliding
Gliding is the downfall manuver that had elevation a few little than 45o with horizontal. The main purpose of gliding is to glide as flat as possible. This action doing with decreasing the drag force. In gliding, the fulmars are able to reach distance till 8.5 metres, but only move down 1 metre. The vultures are doing better, this birds can reach the distance till 22 metre with only 1 metre move down.

Flight
Flight is done by fluttering the wings. The fluttering of wings are used to yielded thrust and lift force. This thrust force and lift force can be arranged by the birds to control the direction, velocity, and its altitude. When the hawk move down with high velocity to catch mouse, the hawk decrease the drag force by slim its body or bent up its wings. When close to its bait, the hawk slowing down its movement with increase the force by extent its wings (what a remarkable thinking by this hawk.....).

Soaring
This manuver is move up without fluttering the wings. This movement can be done by using airstream. Causing by the sun, the hot air will be lift up and create the airstream upright. This airstream used by the hawk to soaring without flutter its wings. The albatross or seagull, and other. To soaring, the albatross using airstream that reflected by sea surface. That’s why the albatross always fly around near with sea surface.

Flying Parade of The Birds
Have you ever see a bunch of birds migrate? The gooses usually fly in groups form up a beauty parade, rarely found that a goose fly far alone itself. Beside to security reason from predator attack, this togetherness decrease lost risk in the way. In migrating from one place to another this gooses using earth magnetic field as compass.
In their marching, this gooses often form up a ‘V’ formation. The front goose (the leader) is the key way that must work hard to “destroy” drag force, so that another gooses in the back can move easily. When the leader get fatigue, his friend as soon as possible replace him (the actually not selfish....).

On their ‘V’ formation, this gooses movement very harmonic so that they are not necessary to give the big power for such long trip. This gooses is look very cohesive, look like they never lost direction. Actually, another mistake of wrong direction could happen, but that foul is eliminated faster so that never seen as effect fly direction. If one goose deviate from group, then another goose will adapt so the way that be reformation but not the fly direction. This concept is often used in modern management. According to this, if there is someone had the idea that could deviate company direction but can gain profit for the company, then his friends will adapted, that this man will not be isolated. His friends will adapt so that company’s vision will not be changed.

It’s passionate to look the birds movement. Actually in physics we must learn much from the birds. So beauty and awesome what their physics show us in the air during a million years until we feel that we are nothing.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

Stealth Technology, Laser, and Infrared

2010-02-06T05:48:00.005+07:00

In gulf war 1991, United States has rising a new technology called Stealth.

Stealth technology are being inspired by Sun Tzu, a great charismatic war general from the age of ancient china. According to him, all war is deception. If we want to win the war, we must able to deceive the enemy. One of its way is making our plane not able to being detected by enemy’s radar. The method is by making stealth plane from absorbing material that could absorb most of radar wave. And at the surface’s plane, the sharp triangles created to bounce back unabsorb wave, away from radar antenna. Because that there is no wave that back to radar radiator, then the plane is not detected by enemy’s radar.

Although being sophisticated enough, the stealth technology actually had the weakness. Stealth plane that exist today still could be detected when it’s rain (water particle can reveal plane’s form that ‘vanish’) or by use handphone signal comparising (handphone signal that suddenly vanish show that out there still some stealth plane). From now on, the US still completing the weakness of that plane.

Beside stealth technology, the physicist are also being asked to create another war machine with laser and infrared technology. For example, F-117A Nighthawk that equipped with stealth technology sneak in the sky at the darkness of night, spy on with help from infrared censor and drop the bomb that aimed by laser. GBU-28 Bunker Buster that could penetrate enemy’s base underground and destroy it with the bomb that also aimed by laser, so it get the target precisely.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

Have a nice day with physics!

2010-02-05T13:14:00.006+07:00

"Fortunately, there is a centrifugal force, if not I can fall when through the loop (circular path) roller coaster". I rubbed my ears, is it true what I hear, what I was dreaming. Isn't it true that centrifugal force physics term, why does it come on amusement park? But that's a comment that I heard from a visitor to an amusement park.

During the last year I was researching the concepts of physics an amusement park. I was very surprised, a model amusement park Disney Land, Disney World is very rich in physics concepts. They can be used as a giant laboratory for physics courses.

We begin with a roller coaster. In this vehicle, passengers go up vehicle which don’t have machine. The vehicle is loaded into the first hill with a kind of conveyor belt. Rising trajectory is made less steep because we know the path steepens, it get greater motor power conveyor belt (cost more expensive). The first hilltop is made higher than the next hilltop or from the high loop. The purpose is to make vehicles have the potential energy large enough to be able to cross the track very well.

When gliding from the first hill, the passenger was released and accelerated free fall. In order to effects this free fall can be more felt, made glide path shaped like a parabola (track objects under the gravitational field). This accelerated movement down makes the heart and organs slightly lifted from the original (inertial). This inertial effect that gives certain sensations such as the spirit of it would fly, arise to feel queasy etc.

Entering the loop, passengers are faced with loop-shaped drops of liquid. Loop is not built like a full circle because at the lowest point of the circle loop, passengers will have 6 times the weight of the original weight. With such a large weight, blood can’t flow to the brain, eyes glazed and people would faint. With trajectory in form of liquid drip, maximum weight who felt the weight of passengers around 3.7 the original. The weight of this magnitude is not too dangerous for passengers. At the top loop passengers are on upside down. Passengers are not going to fall because of centrifugal force (the upward direction) which felt able to balance the gravity force due to the gravitational pull of the earth.

Centrifugal force that passengers felt not only on the loop, but also the sharp turns are made along the path. When passengers turned right, the passenger will be thrown to the left. People will bounce harder if cling to the safety bar, therefore it is more comfortable for many passengers leaving their hands free while shouting.

Out of the roller coaster we go on to the Swinging boat or Kora Kora. Unlike the roller coaster, Kora Kora is not sliding on a metal track. Kora Kora move back and forth like a pendulum. On the bottom Kora Kora path there is a tire that encourages Kora Kora in order to be able to swing perfectly. Each time kora-kora swing to go down, like on a roller coaster, passengers experience a variety of feelings: horror, nausea and so on. The biggest feeling or sensation will be felt by the passengers sitting behind row, because these passengers will be in free fall with the maximum acceleration.

Weary screaming with horror and nausea, we entered the arena of bombs car or bumper car. It is the best arena to study the collision. Jog cars moved by electricity generated from electrics cable on it. In the connecting rod car with the netting electrics often seen sparks from an electric high voltage in these nets. Sparks appear when the relationship of this rod with the netting off. Because the same energy obtained at each car so light passenger cars can relatively move more quickly. When the collision, in order to you feel comfortable so around cars is given a rubber belt. This rubber will absorb the effect of the collision. When the light passenger car was hit by a weight passenger car, the light passenger will feel be thrown. This is in accordance with the law of conservation of momentum.

The Swing arena or Ontang-anting brings us understand the concept of centrifugal force. When Ontang-anting started turning, Ontang-anting chairs began form an angle. The faster rotation, the greater the centrifugal force felt that chair. As a result angle made by the chair get greater vertical line. But there is strangeness, which made the seat angle is the same for all passengers, does not depend on the weight of passengers.

Heavy are trying to minimize the angle but will increase the centrifugal force angle. The influence of these two forces eliminate each other so that the angle of deviation of the same chair for a variety of people.

After Ontang-anting, visitors can visit other arenas such as Dumbo to study how the hydraulic system; Big Wheel (Ferris) to learn how to manage the balance of the chair, Niagara Falls to study free fall, Pontang‐pontang to learn how to combine the speed vector and the Flying Condor with the concept of pulleys.

So It is extraordinary, isn’t it? So rich physics in an amusement park! Too bad if a physics lab so great about underutilized. And the combination of entertainment and a giant physics lab in an amusement park is one thing that can change people's perceptions of physics. Physics will no longer be regarded as a frightening specter, but it will be a lesson that is very exciting and very enjoyable.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

Physics Parade of the Sea Animals

2010-02-03T17:15:00.004+07:00

Fishes seem comfortable swimming here and it enjoys the beautiful world of water. Dolphins happily display their skills in acrobatics in the water and occasionally appeared on the surface and inviting admiration of all who witnessed the attractions. Whale and sharks vie to be the most feared in the kingdom of water with body size very fantastic. What a beautiful view of the world ocean, how much fun enjoying the fantastic spectacle that shown marine animals. And then one more thing that often isn’t recognized, how the abundance of lessons can be learned from the activities of marine animals, particularly lessons related to physics.

The first thing most obvious connection between the sea animals with the concepts of physics is the ability to swim very well which is owned by marine animals. Body shape of fishes is designed so that they can swim quickly and easily. Slender shape (so-called streamlined) became so popular and much imitated by humans in a variety of technological creations, such as a submarine design.

Dolphins and blue whales are very sensitive to sound and able to produce and detect sound at a frequency ten times greater than the frequency of audible sound man (ultrasonic frequency). This capability is used to navigate in the dark sea world (echolocation), catch prey, and communicate with the herd (even blue whales are able to use infrasonic waves that have very low frequency to communicate with each other). Dolphins emit high-frequency sound waves that reflected to the body of its prey. This reflected wave is received back by the dolphins and processed as information about the location, distance, speed, direction, and size of prey. The dolphins could even see the prey image. Sonar systems can even penetrate the body's prey so it can see the picture frame of bone and heard his heartbeat. This is similar to an ultrasound system used in the medical world to see and hear the fetal heartbeat humans. Thus, the dolphin can see a fetus that was conceived without X-ray and ultrasound equipment used by humans!

Marine animal even smaller sizes were able to spend very large electricity. One of them is the electric eel that can emit an electric shock that can kill a horse. Who would have thought that such a small animal can kill another animal that have size in tens of times greater?

It turned out that the sea animals that looked calm and not dangerous can’t be underestimated his ability. All that can happen because of physics. Every day the sea animals continue to show attractions like a parade of physics at the beautiful sea world. Humans have used and will continue to learn from life under the sea that is fascinating.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

Follow Me..!

2010-02-02T12:56:00.005+07:00

Like pet that had taken care of its boss for many years, internet network system in future is staked to "follow us wherever we go. Thus, all computer programs, important database, and internet access that usually we do in our each PC (Personal Computer) at office or at home, next are able to do everywhere. We are not necessary anymore to move the data from our PC to notebook or to our friend's PC. We also not necessary to move it to any kind storage such as CD (Compact Disc) that usually we brought. Exactly, all of that automatically follow us, like our computer can be everywhere. How ? Follow me.....!

In order that a computer program can keep follow us, we need a device that could detect our position. The device that could detect us is use threeliteration technique that use ultrasonic wave, the wave that had frequency above human sound frequency. The technique that in use is similar with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. In threeliteration, we can determine object location precisely with three reference point.

If reference point A is located at distance a metre from object that we will locating (X) then we can know that X could lay down everywhere along circle circumference with radius a metre. Ultrasonic wave streak along this line. The distance (s = v x t) between point A and X are able to know from time (t) that ultrasonic wave needed to reach point A since release by a device (object X). The streak velocity sound wave (v) on air is constant that had knowing. The distance between reference point B (b metre) and X could be determined with the same way. From this two information about the distance we can find two possibilities about X position , that between both cutting point two circle. Then with the same way again the distance (c metre) between referencepoint C and X could be determined. With this last data we are able to discover X position precisely on two dimensional plane.

The device that used to radiate signal is called 'bat'. Bat can be brought everywhere (because of its small size and had form similar to pager) and we can pose it on our clothes (like posting cellphone to pants belt). Each bat have unique code that function as its identity (ID) so that won't be an error even our friends in another room are also use bat that radiate signal. It means, wherever we go, we still could be detected (with accuracy till 3cm from actual location). Our location is always detected if in our surroundings there is signal receiver that receive signal from the bat we brought. This receivers are posted along roof inside surface in all buildings, rooms, or our home. The distance between this receivers is about 1.2 metre (about 4 feet). To find the location of bat (green ball), only three receivers (act as three reference point in threeliteration technique) closest that need to work. In one room that has area 1000 m² will installed 720 this small signal receivers. The perfect example of room that had uses this system is AT&T Laboratories in Cambridge.

Besides ultrasonic wave, a bat had also function to radiate and receive radio wave as telecommunication medium with center computer (prime tool control) that control overall system. When we want to find bat's location, the center computer send radio signal that containing ID code the bat that we look. Bat receive this radio signal and straight immediately send ultrasonic wave that containing similar code in form binary digit to three closest receivers.

The center computer are also has the data about all computer location and other electronics device inside building. After bat's location determined with threeliteration, the center computer immediately find the location of computer or electronic device with the closest distance to the bat's location. Automatically that computer become similar with our computer, with all data and programs that only store on our PC. Beside the computer, this system had also able to used on other electronics and communication device such as telephone. Automatically, the closest telephone to us become our telephone. It means, when there is incoming call, the closest telephone can be used to answer it. All do in automatically (of course with the help from computer!) without call forwrding process from one telephone to another. If the closest telephone to us is suddenly ringing, we can answer it immediately like we are being in our home because that telephone has become our telephone. So that, this technology can be called the system that always follow us wherever we go, like we only need to give command 'Follow Me...!' to all that our electronics devices.

This ultrasonic location system technology are true mobile because it can keep moving everywhere. The term mobile computing is not limited anymore to notebook ar PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) that can be brought everywhere but still need data transfer and program that wasting time. We still need notebook and PDA and other mobile device if we go outside building or home that has this Follow Me....! technology. But when we walk around inside building or home we still can enjoy 'faithfulness' of the system like shadow. With this system, our computer and our electronics device can be 'teleported' to wherever we go. This network that like being everywhere like this that the next day will surroundings us in the future. Rapid progress any research that does today enhanced possibilities the readiness of thistechnology in the next few years.

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

The Greatness of Electromagnetic

2010-02-01T15:38:00.008+07:00

Electromagnetic has some greatness that make the scientists in NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) start thinking to use it as power that able to "throw" the space plane to outer earth atmosphere! Why there is such an idea ? Is the rocket engine that usually in use are sufficient to bring the space plane out of earth atmosphere isn't it ?

Actually, all of rocket engine that are in use or in development today still need special substance as its propeller. This substance propellant can in form of chemical substances like that in many uses, or the product of nuclear fusion reaction that had many development in 21th century. There is another innovative technology such as light propulsion and anti-mater propulsion. The use of this propellant actually bounding the velocity and maximum distance that can reached by the plane. Because of that, rise the idea to launch the space plane use the technology that not involve propellant at all. What system that are able to "throw" plane to outer space without using propellant at all? The answer is Electromagnetic !

Electromagnetic are the hybrid between electricity and magnetism. When we electrify a wire we can create magnetic field. Electricity and magnetism are not separated at all except in superconductor type 1 that has Meissner Efect (superconductor matter can eliminate magnetic field until a certain point). It can proved by lay down a compass nearby around that wire. The pin on compass will move because compass detect the appearance of magnetic field. Electromagnetic has been in uses in making motor, cassette, video, speaker, etc. Now it's the turn of space project !

David Goodwin from Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics in America is the man that rise the idea of electromagnetic propulsion. When an electromagnetic is cooling till lowest temperature, something unusual is happen. If we electrify that super cold magnet, we can observe vibration in some nanosecond before that magnet become superconductor. Accordance to Goodwin, although this vibration only happen in scale of nanosecond, we still able to use its unsteady state. If the vibrations that created are aim to the one same direction then we are able to get sufficient power to "throw" plane to outer space. This power is not just enough to "throw" the plane, even so the space plane can reach maximum distance more far with higher velocity than any kind of plane that using propellant.

To explain his idea, Goodwin uses wire coil (solenoid) that arranged from magnetic wire superconductor that twisting on cylinder metal core. Magnetic wire that used is metal hybrid from nyobium and lead. Electromagnet become superconductor matter after cooling down with liquid helium to 4 Kelvin. Metal plate below solenoid has function to enhanced the created vibration. In order to get vibrations with frequency 400000 Hz, it's necessary to create asymetric condition on magnetic field. Metal plate that had voltage is lay down isolated from solenoid system so that asymetric condition is created. In few microsecond before magnet start oscilate to opposite direction, the electricity on metal plate must be eliminated.

The sole challenge that still to handle is the technique to aimed vibrations that formed up in unsteady state to moving in one direction. For this, we need a device like electric switch to turn on and turn off electricity 400000 times per second (according to its vibrations frequency). This solid state switch in fact take over the energy from steady state condition and transform it to electric pulse with high velocity until 400000 times per second.

Energy that used to this electromagnet system is from nuclear reactor (300 kW), NASA's property. This reactor generate heat energy undergoes nuclear fission reaction. This nuclear fission reaction involving the fussion process of atom that accompanied with gamma radiation and heat releashing in big amount. Nuclear reactor that uses ¾ kg uranium (U-235) is able to generate heat that has the same amount with one million gallon gasoline had (3.8 million litre). Heat energy that had generated, after wards converted to electrical energy that can used to this electromagnetic propulsion system. When used in space plane ¾ kg uranium (U-235) not used too much room because it only need a room in size of baseball ball. With mass and room much smaller than rocket engine usually use, the planes that using electromagnetic system are able to reach maximum velocity thus able to reach the farest location. According to Goodwin, a plane with electromagnetic system is able to reach heliopause that is location of companionship between solar wind and interstellar solar wind. Heliopause is located at the distance 200 AU (Astronomical Unit) from the sun. 1 AU is the mean distance between earth and the sun, approximately about 1.5 X 108 km. The farest planet in our solar system only had distance of 39.53 AU from the sun. All of planes that using propellant absolutely cannot reach such far distance!

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

The Miracle of Laser

2010-01-31T19:37:00.013+07:00

Laser had many use in many field such as telecommunication, finance, health, manufacturing industry, electronics, engineering instrumentation, bank security system, and military project. Even a music group like metallica and pink floyd uses laser in their concert. Hollywood movie are also often uses laser in their films, usually as security system in one of its scene, like movie "entrapment" that laser is used to prevent any intruder to get inside.
Only fewer people had know that laser is an acronym from "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. What's the meaning of this ? in order to understand that lets first we get a little knowledge about the atom.

Atom

An atom consist of core called nucleus (consist of proton and neutron) and electron. Electrons used to go around the nucleus on certain orbit, accordance with its energy level. From this, we can know that the atom always move, however we cannot see it. So, the thing that we suppose to motionless, actually not motionless at all!

The electron orbit that had the lowest energy level are the closest one to the nucleus. So, the farest electrons orbit had the highest energy level. It means, if we stimulate energy to the atom (e.g. thermal energy, electrical energy, or light energy) then the electron on the lowest energy level (ground-state energy level) may able to move up to the higher one.

So then, what its context with laser ?

Light Emission to Excise Extra Energy

The electrons on the higher energy level than its nature will be unstable. This electrons are always try to return to its origin level by excise affluent energy. Energy that coming out usually in form of light energy (photon) that has unique wavelength depending on its energy level. It is called atomic radiation. On spotlight bulb or fluorescent light, the light excise to all direction and had many wavelength and frequency (incoherent light). The result is the light that very weak.

In laser technology, the light product had unique characteristic such as coherent (have the same frequency), monochromatic (only have single wavelength), and streak in one direction. So, laser very strong, very concentrate, and had good coordination.

How to control this light emission ? use the mirror! One mirror is made up half silvered (only bounce a half partof light, meanwhile another part can penetrate out). Ruby is stimulated by energy (by give it light energy) until some of its electrons excise. Afterward, this electrons try to get back to its level by emissioning some light. This light bounce off on mirror's surface and stimulate other neighbour electrons. So, this neighbour electrons is emissioning some light too and stimulate other electrons. So be it continually! Like chain reaction!

Some of light, had succesful penetrate to the outside fromhalf silvered mirror. This light constitute the light that monochromatic, coherent, and single phase. This light is called laser.

There is many medium to made laser, for example solid state laser (use solid substance likeruby stone), and laser gas (use helium, neon, or CO2 gas ). The strength of laser had many variation depending on the wavelength of the yielded light. For consideration, the wavelength from ruby laser is 694 nm, meanwhile from CO2 gas laser is 10.600 nm. Ruby stone (CrAlO3) yield the red laser light, meanwhile CO2 gas yield light on infrared area and microwave area. Infrared radiation formed up in heat, causing laser that yielded are able to melt out any kind of thing that struck by it, even steel can cutted out by this laser!

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D

Animal that the Great Physics

2010-01-26T20:33:00.005+07:00

Believe it or not that the animals around us a lot of use physics?

Call it a bird. Birds have wings that are perfectly designed, suitable to fly. The shape of the wings are aerodynamics to make the air can flow more quickly on the upper surface so cause the difference air pressure between the wing upper and lower wings. This difference pressure air is able to overcome the gravitational attraction so that the bird can fly smoothly.

If from the birds we can study the principles of flying, we can also observe how take off the duck that push leg to produce the jet energy so it is allowing to shot into the air. From dolphins we can learn the navigation system whereas bat gives us a lesson about using of radar methods.

To learn about adapting to the environment temperature, we can observe the life of some animal. The long-eared rabbit in the United States known as Jackrabbit, It has power area with temperature surface land in summer be able to reach 70 °C. In order to stay alive, although it never studied the laws of physics Wien about thermal radiation processes in school, Jackrabbit applies in the nest.

Therefore if you go to the zoo or the beach recreation, gardens, parks, or just spend time at home with a pet, don't forget to observe the shape and structure the behavior of animal. And then actually we have gotten a physics course. Free!

Prof. Yohanes Surya Ph.D