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| Atomium in Brussels |
When a thing called simple? And when another called complex? What is the main criteria that separate them?
What is the fundamentals element on this earth? Our ancestor had formulate something that we still believe in. According to our ancestor there is only 4 fundamental elements. They are Air, Fire, Water and Earth. This is The Four Basic Elements of The World. Our ancestor believe that everything in this world are consist from that four basic elements. This concept so universal and receive all around the world. Nothing more fundamental from that four elements. Even today, we still consider that four elements are the most important elements on earth.
But along with time and the development of sciences, human can reveal that 4 elements are not the basic elements. There is another particle that unable to see with bare eyes. This small particles compiler all things on earth soon called atom. Since the discovering of it, human believe that atom is the fundamental element. It means nothing more smaller and more simpler than the atom. Until 1900’s people still believe that atom is one small ball that is not consisted from another small elements.
Sciences continue to growthand finally found out a shocking fact. Because atom is not the smallest particle! Actually all atoms consist from nucleus that surrounded by electrons cloud. In recent, sciences has discover the secret of atom’s nucleus that consist of another smaller particle. This compiler particle of nucleus are proton and neutron. This shocking discovering had change common belief once again that atom is fundamental particle. Since that, proton and neutron are regarded as the smallest particle and the most basic from all material. Nothing more small than proton and neutron. Can it be true?
How many times people regarded some particle as the most basic and the simplest one? How many times people proved that is a thing more smaller? Everytime we start and receive new concept, we shocked by another new invention that our belief is wrong before, instead. Actually everytime there is another part that more small and simple. And that’s right! Proton and neutron are not the fundamentals without structure. The sopisthicated technology has reveal the insider of proton and neutron. This compiler of proton and neutron are called quarks.
According to Standard Model theory, the universe is consist from quark and lepton. There is six kind of quark, that is quark up (u), down (d), strange (s), charm (c), beauty (b) and top (t). Also there is six kind of lepton, that is electron (e), muon (μ), tau (τ), neutrino-electron (νe), neutrino-muon (νμ) and neutrino-tau (ντ). Each lepton and quark had antiparticle that had the same mass with its particle, but had opposite charge.
This twelve particle had different mass. Commonly, this particles are grouping into three big group (three generation). First generationconsist of quark u, quark d, neutrino-electron, and electron. The second generation particle had the bigger mass from the first. This generation include quark c, quark s, neutrino-muon, and muon. The third generation is group that hadthe biggest mass. This include quark t, quark b, neutrino-tau and tau. The particles in the first generation is the stable particles. This particles that consist all visible things. The particles in second and third generation are unstable particle. This particles will be dissolved in short time and become the first generation particle.
According to Standard Model theory, the quarks had another charge beside electrical charge. This another charge are the charge called color. The quarks always be found couples on particle groups called meson (consist of quark and antiquark) and baryon (consist from three quarks). It’s different with lepton that could stand alone or not in couple. This color charge on quarks is causing this characteristic.
Is the discovery of quarks marks that we had reach final destination? Is this the fundamentals particle we looking for so long? Is it true that quarks is the most smallest particle without structur? Or there is another smaller particle that compiler quark? If yes, this time we still can not prove its existence. So, for a while we receive and belief the concept of quark as the simplest particle, until there is succesful discovery to invent another fundamentals particle than quark.
When people had discover The Four Basic Elements is not the very basic, many alteration occur on human’s life. So be it when the sciences success to reveal compiler elements of atom. Many sopisthicated technology created by this invention. The tecnology progressing more advance and more complex when the quark had found out. The smallest possible particle to discover, the more great technology will be reached.
It means smallest size of the particle, the big its effect to human’s life. The smallest particle will produce the more complex technology. Every big things always form up from the smallest one. Actually, this something little and simple can emerge big effect. Something simple could create something complex. This is the basic of chaos theory. All material in the world can form up simplicity. How the little can emerge something bigger and complex?
Leptons and quarks are interact and assemble so that formed proton and neutron. This proton aand neutron then consisting again with some rule so that created different atoms. This atoms then, interact again each other to create many band (ionic and covalen) chemistry that yielded molecules. This molecules are gather around as new collaborated systems that we always see. This things are arrange the planets, and finally turn to form solar system. Each solar system interact with other to form up the galaxy. This all galaxys form up the universe. Imagine that! All complex systems starts with the smallest particle we know so far.
A big book consist of many chapter that consist of many paragraph, many sentences and many words. The sentences consist of many words and that words consist from many characters. This characters also consist from the dots that all linked each other. This dots take the responsibillities in produce all code on the book. This dots are the fundamentals part or the most basic part on a book.
All systems that looked complex, actually involve a regularity in irregularity. All things in this world obey some laws. This laws are responsible to form a big and complex systems. This laws involving the simpler laws. This is the maincore of physics. Physics is always to explain all complex things using the simplest laws (Simple Laws with Complex Behavior). With this basic rules, physics had successful so far in explain chemical reaction, electrical current, magnetic force, biological cell of organism, principle work of the human body and other organism, whether change, fluids stream profile, fluids nature that turbulence, predict how galaxy and universe began, investigate our complex solar system, and even explain the interaction between fundamentals particles in quantum mechanics. All from the theories that opening all this simple rules majoring explain by the great physicsist such Newton, Bohr, and Einstein.
When we start to using physics in order to understand this world, we actually only combine that simple rules that all linked together to form complex system. It’s same if we play with blocs. With that Lego blocs we can create many big and complex systems. The smallest possible the blocs the more variations we can create. This concept used in technology that recently talked by people around the world: nanotechnology.
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